Great article in Psychology Today on what dogs are trying to communicate to you through a bark. This may help you understand your Westie's bark telling you that the mailman's truck is coming down the street! https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/canine-corner/201906/concise-dictionary-dog-barks
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Please remember that the meanings of any given bark can be modified by the nature of the sound dimensions expressed. For example, lower pitched barks should be interpreted as more dominant or threatening while higher pitched barks should be interpreted as meaning more insecurity or fear. Such emotional shading is added to each specific bark and can give you a clearer idea of what your dog is trying to say.
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Coren, S. (2001). How to speak dog: Mastering the art of dog-human communication. New York: Fireside Books, Simon & Schuster